色
The color (a color) points at the color stimulus that is stimulation to wake up the sense of color that is the sight that a difference of the quality is recognized by a difference of the composition of the visible ray and sense of color. The color is one of the senses to be provided through sight, and the color is quantity of psychology physics like the size of the sound not mass and quantity of physics such as the volume. For example, as the example which feels a color though there is not a physical counterpart artificially, there is an optical illusion phenomenon called the top of the Ben ham. Though I paint it in white and black and distributed the top surface of the top with the top of the Ben ham, it points at the experiment that a color perception is born when I turn it. The change of the color is explained physically by "affinity" with the light to light up an object and the object. When the light of some kind of wavelengths to be incident on an object does a reflection (including mirror reflection / the diffused reflection) to the direction of the observer, I accept the (= wavelength that only the specific wavelength that accepted the properties of matter of the object is reflected, and is absorbed other than it and have a phenomenon called) that reflectance is different. A color judged based on the wavelength is recognized as "a color of the object" so that only reflected light arrives to an observer (in other words light itself does not have the property of the color, and the organ which caught the light makes a color). In addition, as for the general color, it is that is to say expressed the range of the visible ray as a standard human sight so that it is controlled by light and recognition for it to touch an observer like that. Paradoxically when I looked in visible light area, I compare it, and there are at all another "color" and the object that it becomes likely when I observe it about the light of the wavelength beyond the range of the visible ray. For example, the design of the feather of the butterfly draws a bright design different again to watch it by the naked eye of the person in the ultraviolet rays domain, and I am black, and, as for the newspaper which burnt, paper and the ink which burnt by a certain wavelength of the infrared rays domain can read the original contents which it was written so that reflectance is different in the part which burnt. The ratio of the visible ray which a certain three kinds of cone cells absorb in the retina lays a-colored sense physiologically when I say. These cone cells are called an L cone / an M cone / an S cone including protein (opsin protein) reacting to a head wavelength / a wavelength / a short wavelength most each sequentially. One of the sense of color that was two kinds ever divided the L cone in the primate and the M cone by a process of the evolution and has the wavelength sensitivity that that is why is near. Because it becomes the cause to just get three kinds of wavelength characteristics, it can liken each cone of L, M, S with red, green, and blue directly that there are three kinds of cones. When a wavelength of the light that a certain person receives through sight changes, it may be said that contents of the sight experience to change with it are colored it. But, other than a person with sense of color of the majority, sense of color does not adjust it with a person with sense of color of the majority partially (a sense of color characteristic)： There is an exception in this example so that there is the person who does not have the ) person who "is poor at sense of color", sense of color (total blindness). However, the circumstances are similar in the wavelength that they can feel even if only this situation has a sense of color characteristic. Like colorless paper, the object reflecting diffusely at high reflectance in all wavelengths is called white. On the other hand, the color is called black in all wavelengths when there are not most of the reflections. For example, the complete black body can come out by establishing the minute opening to the hollow object. In this case, as for the reflectance, it is it to approximately 0 in what most of the light that was in the hollow part is taken in, and do not go out. When human sight recognizes a color, I do not measure a spectral distribution of the light directly, and three pigments to be included in the cone cell of the eyeball measure a ratio to absorb light. Therefore I can let a human being feel another color by composing independent plural colors. For example, the light of the wavelength of the yellow can give about the same stimulation by a combination of the light of the light of the red wavelength and a green wavelength and can express the yellow as red and light of a green combination. And the human being cannot distinguish the case that a green wavelength can interlace, and enter the eyeball from a red wavelength when only this case, a wavelength of the yellow are in the eyeball. It is the-colored composition method that did a human being with general sense of color in a standard to the last that give here. For the person with sense of color of two colors type, I can compose a color of all in two primary colors (for the person), and, for the creature having a cone (the thing which or is equivalent to it) 4 or more, "a primary color" 4 or more is necessary. In addition, the information of the pit which is an infrared analyzer of the snake is in the visual cortex of the brain, and what is processed as sight information is proved. In other words the temperature information will be one of the primary colors for the snake (mamushis) having a pit again, too. The human being can hardly feel polarization as a phenomenon to be called a brush of but there are the creatures which I can feel such as a part or the insect of the submarine life.